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3d Printing of Polymer Matrix Composites a Review and Prospective

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Review

. 2020 Sep 24;12(ten):2188.

doi: x.3390/polym12102188.

3D Printing of Fibre-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites Using Fused Filament Fabrication-A Review

Affiliations

  • PMID: 32987905
  • PMCID: PMC7601740
  • DOI: 10.3390/polym12102188

Complimentary PMC commodity

Review

3D Press of Fibre-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites Using Fused Filament Fabrication-A Review

Andrew North Dickson  et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Free PMC article

Abstract

Iii-dimensional (3D) printing has been successfully applied for the fabrication of polymer components ranging from prototypes to final products. An issue, all the same, is that the resulting 3D printed parts showroom junior mechanical functioning to parts made using conventional polymer processing technologies, such equally compression moulding. The improver of fibres and other materials into the polymer matrix to form a blended can yield a pregnant enhancement in the structural forcefulness of printed polymer parts. This review focuses on the enhanced mechanical performance obtained through the press of fibre-reinforced polymer composites, using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technique. The uses of both short and continuous fibre-reinforced polymer composites are reviewed. Finally, examples of some applications of FFF printed polymer composites using robotic processes are highlighted.

Keywords: fibre reinforcement; fused filament fabrication; mechanical properties; polymers.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no part in the pattern of the study, in the collection or estimation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish.

Figures

Figure 1
Effigy 1

Schematic of FFF process for the printing of parts using the melted polymer filament.

Figure 2
Figure 2

Effect of fibre content and preparation process on (a) tensile strength and (b) modulus of ABS/carbon fibre composites [34].

Figure 3
Figure 3

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the specimens manufactured using (a) 3D printing and (b) CM methods [33]. These images help to illustrate the differences in interlayer adhesion of 3D printed samples compared to that prepared using CM procedure.

Figure 4
Effigy four

3D printed circular honeycombs of PLA-PCL/KBF with varying ratios [38]. The PLA-PCL/KBF composite consists of polylactic acrid (PLA) as the strong matrix, polycaprolactone (PCL) as an elastomer phase and silane-treated basalt fibres (KBF) as the reinforcing filler.

Figure 5
Figure 5

Schematics of in-situ fusion techniques: (a) in-nozzle impregnation with polymer and coaxial fibre extrusion, and (b) embedding of continuous carbon fibre (CCF) after 3D printing in a thermal bonding process. Images from [42].

Figure 6
Effigy 6

Schematic of ex-situ prepreg process: (a) The extrusion and cooling apparatus for product of the prepreg filament. (b) The press process utilising the prepreg filament requires no bulldoze gear every bit the fibre is pulled through the nozzle, extruding the polymer as it moves [42].

Figure 7
Figure 7

Literature values for tensile strength and modulus for short and continuous fibre-reinforced composites, as well equally unreinforced polymers for comparison. A comparison between similar additive manufactured (AM) and compression moulded (CM) woven PA66/CF composites is highlighted, with tensile performance existence comparable. Primal: Writer, matrix, reinforcement, fibre % [18,27,29,34,43,46,51,55,56,57,58].

Figure 8
Effigy 8

(a) Example of a raster pattern generated for printing tensile testing samples [41]. (b) Objects printed using "spiral" generated by an FFF slicer software [47]. (c) Printer producing a bowl-shaped component from PLA/CF [45].

Figure 9
Figure nine

Comparison of (a) Markforged "Eiger" and (b) Anisoprint "Aureola" slicer software for fibre composite printing. The Eiger software facilitates fibre placement in tighter spaces, with blue lines indicating fibre paths.

Figure 10
Figure 10

Modelled fibre layouts (left) and resulting stress estrus maps (right). (a) represents an platonic fibre placement scenario with reduced strain concentration [68]. (b) represents a drilled/cutting sample with discontinuous fibres resulting in big strain concentrators. (c) represents a cutting sample containing fibre vorteces to reduce the strain concentration at the middle pigsty [67].

Figure 11
Figure 11

The Arevo labs robotic AM system press a portion of a bicycle frame (left) [71]. The Atropos Robot arrangement press a glass/epoxy turbine blade without a mould for support (correct) [72].

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Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32987905/

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